The Male Struggle with Body Image - 1583 Words

In today’s society, people tend to focus a lot on females and the problems they have concerning their body image based on popular culture, stereotypes, and other generalizations of how a woman â€Å"should look.† What we do not realize however is that males struggle with their body image as much as females do and are often not recognized in their fight to meet the expectations of society. Males struggle with all kinds of eating and body disorders just as females do and the expectations pushed on them by the media, women, and even other guys. There is a frightening lack of treatment because guy’s hardships are ignored and even overshadowed by women’s struggles. Males also go through the harmful effects and risks that come with the efforts they†¦show more content†¦This deprivation of essential nutrients from certain foods can have harmful effects on the body. Eating disorders are not the only thing males also suffer from. Expectations from the media are also a strong push into worries about body image. Despite popular belief, guys struggle with images broadcasted by the media as much as girls do. Andrew Shrout, a junior at U.C. Berkeley feels the weight that is put on him to â€Å"be a man† and pretend like nothing is wrong. â€Å"Men are pressured to have as little fat as possible--but you’ve got to pretend like you don’t watch what you eat† (Alpert 1). Also, men are expected to â€Å"up their game† as women get more power financially as well as keep their bodies well maintained. Clinical instructor at the Harvard Medical school psychiatry department Roberto Olivardia states that men and young boys deal with the same images broadcasted out as women and young girls do. â€Å"Boys are growing up now with the billboard of the guy with perfect pecs and biceps† (Alpert 2). Media pushes the perfect way to look at men in commercials, magazines, male models, and even movies. Girls often complain about the unfair portrayal of women in comic books and video games with enormous boobs and tiny waists, but guys dealShow MoreRelatedThe Male Struggle with Body Image1632 Words   |  7 Pages people tend to focus a lot on females and the problems they have concerning their body image based on popular culture, stereotypes, and other generalizations of how a woman â€Å"should look.† What we do not realize however is that males struggle with their body image as much as females do and are often not recognized in their fight to meet the expectations of society. Males struggle with all kinds of eating and body disorders just as females do and the expectations pushed on them by the media, womenRead MoreGender Inequality Around The World1437 Words   |  6 Pageschallenge was slavery. In the twentieth century, it was the battle against totalitarianism. We believe that in this century the paramount moral challenge will be the struggle for gender equality around the world†. Although women have made great strides in gaining equality, females around the world are not treated as equals to their male counterparts. Their education is taken for granted, their sports are not taken seriously, and their beauty is held to an almost unattainable standard. The inequalityRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article How Men Really Feel About Their Bodies 990 Words   |  4 Pageswhat their bodies should look like. Americans are starting to realize that this is wrong. Women should be accepted and celebrated no matter what they look like physically. Some women are told if they are themselves then they will be alone and never married. Men are now being blamed for making women feel as though they aren’t good enough and convincing them to conform to their standards. But, are American men being victimized too? In the article â€Å"How men really feel about their bodies† Spiker explainsRead MoreThe Synoptic Gospels Lies A Brief Passage Of A Man Carrying The Cross For Jesus1717 Words   |  7 PagesSimon. This image of a Black body being forced to submit to the hands of an oppressive entity, resonates deeply in the historical context of an African American spirituality. This act represents not only the oppression given at the hands foreign oppressors, but also the oppressive forces adopted within Black culture. In Simon of Cyrene, Black people find in him a reflection of themselves in the context of America culture. Black women, Black men, and Black LGBTQ+ people can find their struggles in theRead MoreBody1122 Words   |  5 PagesOur Bodies in the Media In any civilization appearance has a huge impact on the daily lives, of those living in it. Some cultures favor piercings, others strength, some wear clothes, others do not. The contributing factors for how they appear, typically go back to traditional roots. Our culture in the US, although influenced by our history, now has to deal with an almost daily changes seen in the media. It is nearly impossible to keep up with what is â€Å"in† and how we are â€Å"supposed† to look.Read MoreWhy Do Teens Suffer From Eating Disorders1596 Words   |  7 Pagesno new discovery that teenagers in America tend to have a conflict with eating disorders. This problematic issue tend to affect many young teens just as the people that surround them, those who care for them. People might stop to think why teens struggle so much with eating disorders or how can this issue be wiped out. The thing is people need to be well aware of eating disorders and there definition and try to find a w ay to help decrease the amount of teens that suffer by having them. Here areRead MoreMedia s Influence On The Media Essay1587 Words   |  7 PagesHollywood controls most entertainment media consumed by people all around the world. The messages and images portrayed in movies and television shows created by the large production companies affect all those who partake of the media they produce. Entertainment media can be uplifting and enjoyable, however, media normalizes damaging gender norms for men and women. Gender norms are rules believed to govern how the different sexes should look and act. People develop these behaviors by observingRead MoreI Attended Both Days Of The Borderlands : A Critical Graduate Symposium950 Words   |  4 Pagesand stigma associated with body image and weight. She presents her research based on body size as a stigmatized identity not a health issue. Her plan is, through a Participatory Action Research Project she will interview 20 undergraduate females who experience body weight stigma. She ties in the concept of intersectionality, and explains how the expression of fatness is not universal. In her research that she presented to us she carefully analyzing the discrimination of body size within certain settingsRead MoreThe Media Have Alternative Affects Depending On The Perspective.1100 Words   |  5 Pagesdiscussing about some video games, the titled games are mainly male protagonist as quoted, â€Å"Some of Polack’s previous games have asked play ers to save the galaxy from malevolent aliens (Galactic Civilizations 2), save the universe from evil deities (Demigod), and save the world from marauding Titans (Elemental: War of Magic)† (448). To look for the storyboard discussing about these games is important to ensure that the direct audience is dominantly male gamers; which does not limit to females. The same goalRead MoreFeminist Witches and Poetry1525 Words   |  7 Pagesthan just their love of poetry, they both incorporated female struggles and feminist ideas into their poetry. In a close reading of the poems Her Kind, by Anne Sexton and Anorexic, by Eavan Boland, the themes and the overall feel and struggles of the characters in both poems are very similar; they both use historical and biblical references that demean women and they both use strong female stereotypes that are going through personal struggles. Both characters are empowered through their defeat or self-destruction

Martha and Mary Magdalene by Caravaggio - 884 Words

The Painting Martha and Mary Magdalene is one of the many masterpieces in the DIA’s collection in Detroit. Although there is much more to understanding a work of art then just looking at it. In order to understand a piece, you have to understand the Artist, the time period, and the symbols in that painting that may have very different meaning today. Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio better known as simply Caravaggio was an Italian Baroque master painter born in Italy around 1571. After he apprenticed with a painter in Milan, he moved to Rome, where he lived for most of his life. His work influenced painters around Europe. He’s most known for his gruesome subjects and use of Tenebrism, which was a technique that used heavy shadow to†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"From prostitute to sibyl to mystic to celibate nun to passive helpmeet to feminist icon to the matriarch of divinity’s secret dynasty.† (James Carroll â€Å"Who is Mary Magdalene†) What we know for sure is that Mary Magdalene was a former sinner that became a leading figure in Jesus’ followers. She stayed by Jesus’ side, to the end, she visited him at his tomb, and was the first person that Jesus â€Å"appeared after his resurrection and the first to preach the â€Å"Good News† of that miracle.† During the time period of this painting Mary Magdalene, a sinner and prostitute, illustrated â€Å"the very essence of spiritual conversion.† (Ebert-Schifferer 63) It’s no stretch to say that the painting is meant to show the moment at which Mary changes her ways, and becomes â€Å"married to the word of god†. The conversion of Mary was a new concept to Rome, The book â€Å"Caravaggio: The Artist and His Work† claims that this painting is the first to depict it. There is no lack of symbolism in Caravaggio’s ‘Martha and Mary Magdalene’. The painting shows the contrast between the two sisters even though they are wearing the same colors. Martha is dressed simply, while Mary is dressed elaborately and provocatively. Mary’s fancy dress is said not to be because of her prostitution, but because of her future loftier spiritual aspiration, in comparison to her sister Martha. Although the way the two are dressed are far from being the only symbols in this piece. The useShow MoreRelatedRenaissance Time Capsule1187 Words   |  5 Pagesunravel The Inspiration of Saint Mathew and Christ in the House of Mary and Martha. Caravaggio produced The Inspiration of Saint Matthew in the early 17th century (Cheremeteff, 2000). Diego Velà ¡zquez produced the second art during the year 1618. The two arts reflect a lot about the religious and cultural settings of the age of Baroque. For instance, Velà ¡zquez’s art reflects the classic Baroque Christian fusion of Martha and Mary Magdalene. Music Music refers to human activity characterized by prearranged

Roles of First Ladies Free Essays

Roles of the First Lady Kenya Stanford Ashford University HIS 204 American History Since 1865 Instructor: Tara Ross November 15, 2010 Abstract The roles of the First Lady can vary. Several of the authors describes that some of the First Lady’s roles can be from writing invitations , creating an policy, sharing ideas about political rights, to coming up with health care reform. This essay contains some of the old traditional roles that the First Lady was required to do in the 18th century and how it changes over time. We will write a custom essay sample on Roles of First Ladies or any similar topic only for you Order Now Also, it explains how each century First Lady goes about performing her duties. Roles of the First Lady The roles of the First Lady are really undetermined because it changes due to their interest and the timeframe that they were in. Traditional roles of the First lady The duties of the First Lady vary from time to time. During the 18th century, the traditional roles of the First Lady were being a hostess for our country. White House. Gov states, â€Å"The President and the First Lady’s job responsibilities are to entertain both national and international guest that were arriving and staying at the White House (White House. gov). It also goes on stating that the reason for hosting the event was to strengthen any existing ties, to stage for new relationships, to establish new partnerships, or just to extend the hospitality of the White House as the â€Å" home â€Å" of our nation leader and every First lady were responsible for writing every single invitation by hand (FirstLady. org). 18th Century First Ladies: Martha Washington and Abigail Adams Marth a Washington was a well-respected and very kind-hearted to all that knew her. However, Martha did not enjoy her roles as being the First Lady. According to the article, she statedâ€Å" I think I am more like a state prisoner than anything else, there is certain bounds set for me which I must not depart from any many younger and gayer women would be extremely pleased in her place; she would be much rather be at home (White House. Gov). † Just by reading the article on her, it gives me the idea that she was very private about her life with outsiders and she always held her head up. During her time she was called â€Å"Lady Washington. † She had gotten that name during the Revolutionary War era (America. ov). During the war era, Martha Washington was placed into a winter encampment that was the most comfortable to live in (Berkin, Carol). During the war, she and the other general wives served as hostess. The purpose was to lift everyone spirits and giving every solider a reason on what they were fighting for (Berkin, Carol. ) After Martha had moved to the White House, she found out that she was also responsible for managing the presidential household and supervising the domestic affairs at Mount Vernon from a distance (MarthaWashington. us). However, her successor Abigail Adams was a very interesting woman of her time. People viewed her as a very patriot woman. Abigail’s letter talked about current politics and how she expressed her opinions. During the time of when the famous â€Å"shots heard around the world† started, Abigail was writing John letters to express her concern and her longing to be with him. According to Carol Berkin, ‘Soon I will be in continual arms. Rumors have spread that the British has spread. We know not what a day will bring forth, nor what distress one hour may throw us into (Berkin, Carol). During her husband’s presidential, she would write letters that was expressing her ideas about women’s right. For example, one of her famous letters was when she wrote John telling him to remember the ladies when it came down to the new law (New World Encyclopedia). Basically, she was trying to gives the women more rights that they were entitled to but during the American Rev olution that was proving to be was very impossible task. According to New World Encyclopedia, â€Å"Highly conscious of her role as the president’s wife, Abigail Adams saw her role largely as a hostess for the public and partisan symbol of the Federalist Party. Her entertainments were confined to a relatively small home in Philadelphia, turned into a hotel after the capital was moved from Philadelphia to Washington, D. C. (New World Encyclopedia). †. She also attempted to influence fashion, believing that the more revealing Napoleonic-style clothing then popular were too indecorous. Since presidential families were responsible for covering the costs of their entertainments and the Adamses were enduring financial difficulties at the time of his presidency, Abigail Adams’s receptions were somewhat Spartan (New World Encyclopedia). 19th Century: Mary Lincoln and Ida McKinley Mary Lincoln was a woman who wanted the public to like her. She was getting to point where she was tired of the public talking about her fashion so she decides to do a makeover for herself and for the White House. At the beginning through the end of the article, the author discusses how Mary Lincoln was very careless with money and how she would act out if she didn’t get her way (Lincoln White House. org). The Lincoln Institute only notes that Mrs. Mary Lincoln visited the wounded from the Civil War and remodeled the White House (Lincoln White House. rg). Ida McKinley was a very ill person who suffered from being epilepsy. Her conditions were affecting her and her husband job performance. According to Miller Center Public Affairs, â€Å"Although she occasionally appeared at state dinners and in receiving lines, her attendance at these functions was sporadic due to the unpredictability of her seizures (Miller Center, 2010). † It also goes on stating that the president had to ask the vice president’s wife to help her with her duties due to her being sick. Even though she was very sick, she manages to crochet bedroom room slippers for fundraisers and charities. After reading the article, she proves that she was able to show her husband that she cared about how he felt about politics and that she would dedicate herself to it through the end. She was the first to have her spouse to reschedule everything around her instead of the President reschedule everything around him. 20th Century: Edith Roosevelt and Jacqueline Kennedy Following President McKinley’s assassination came about very sudden to Edith. So Edith had to fill in that position as First Lady. Not being a stranger to Washington and to the public, Edith was able to perform her job really well. Edith was very good at managing books and being able to keep up the home. But just like Martha Washington, she kept her life private from everybody including T. R’s extended family. According to the Theodore Roosevelt Association, â€Å"Under Edith’s careful eye the White House collection of china and the portraits of First Ladies were begun. The task of restoring the house to its classic and simple federal style, inside and out, while accommodating a large family and executive branch of government for a growing nation came to the Roosevelt’s. First Lady Edith Roosevelt played the major role in overseeing the largest renovation of the White House into the stately and practical government center it is today (theodoreroosevelt. org). † Just like Martha Washington, Mary Lincoln, Edith Roosevelt, and Abigail Adams, the next First Lady named Jacqueline Kennedy tends to follow in some of their steps. Her first big role as First Lady was the historical restoration of the White House (JFK Presidential Library and Museum. ). The article stated that she created a White House Guide and authenticates the artwork. She also created the White House Historical society; posts White House curator, oversaw to creating a publication of a guidebook for the visitors, and finally established the White House Library and the Rose Garden (JFK Presidential Library and Museum. ). Later on, Jacqueline Kennedy becomes a host for the television tour by CBS in 1962 (JFK Presidential Library and Museum. ). 21st Century: Laura Bush and Michelle Obama Unlike the other former First Lady, Laura Bush manages to go to the extremes with her duties as First Lady. According to National First Ladies Library, â€Å"Education has been the primary focus of Laura Bush’s tenure as First Lady and the issue that has bound all the various efforts she has spearheaded. When she eventually was able to deliver testimony before the Senate Education Committee on January 23, 2002, Laura Bush called for higher teacher salaries and better training for Head Start and day care workers. In the nine month of her tenure introduced a National Book Festival in Washington, D. C. based on the model of the one she had created in Texas. Within two years, this festival had inspired the Russian First Lady Ludmilla Putin to host an October 1, 2003 book festival in her nation that Laura Bush attended in Moscow, along with several American authors (National First Ladies Library, 2010). She also went to Afghani to met the women and to hear how miserable their lives have been since the war, and she created a public-forum to help with the techniques to comfort children that were traumatized during and after 9/11(National First Ladies Library, 2010). Again, every First Lady’s ideas about how to perform her job is different just as Michelle Obama have stated. Michelle states that â€Å"This new administration doesn’t view service as separate from our national priorities, or in addition to our national priorities. We see it as the key to achieving our national priorities,† she continued. â€Å"We believe that the only way to build that new foundation for our economy is to establish a new role for service in this country (America. Gov). † The article continues to talks about how Michelle talks about how you can volunteer to make differences. Michelle’s second role as First Lady was to reconstruct a playground and packed over 15,000 backpacks for the children of America’s service members to take with them to summer camp (America. Gov). White House. Gov states that as First Lady, Mrs. Obama looks forward to continuing her work on the issues close to her heart — supporting military families, helping working women balance career and family,   encouraging national service, promoting the arts and arts education, and fostering healthy eating and healthy living for children and families across the country (America. Gov) As I stated earlier, every First Lady’s role is undetermined because it changes due to their interest and the timeframe that they were in. Every First Lady has their ways on how they would like to do things. Some of them may not have a lot of experiences when it comes to politics and some may. Whether it is making sockets or reconstructing a playground, these women are using their talents in helping others. Like Michelle stated, â€Å"â€Å"There’s a feeling that you get when you help someone achieve their goals: the fulfillment of putting your faith into action and feeling that you’re a part of something that’s bigger than yourself and doing your part for the greater good. Bibliography America. Gov. (2009, June 29). Retrieved from America. Gov-Engaging the world: michelle Obama defines own Rosle as First Lady: http://www. america. gov/st/usg-english/2009/June/20090629092010degrebsginek0. 475445. html Berkin, C. (2005, February 01). Revolutionary Mothers: Women in the Struggle for Americans’ Independence. United States, United States: Alfred A. Knopf Incorporated. Institute, T. L. (2010). Mr. Linclon’s White How to cite Roles of First Ladies, Papers

The Nice Trap free essay sample

In these pages we’ve already noted that one downside of  agreeableness is that agreeable people tend to have lower  levels of career success. Though agreeableness doesn’t appear  to be related to job performance, agreeable people  do earn less money. Though we’re not sure why this is so,  it may be that agreeable individuals are less aggressive in  negotiating starting salaries and pay raises for themselves. Yet there is clear evidence that agreeableness is something  employers value. Several recent books argue in favor  of the â€Å"power of nice† (Thaler Koval, 2006) and â€Å"the  kindness revolution† (Horrell, 2006).Other articles in the  business press have argued that the sensitive, agreeable  CEO—as manifested in CEOs such as GE’s Jeffrey Immelt  and Boeing’s James McNerney—signals a shift in business  culture (Brady, 2007). In many circles, individuals desiring  success in their careers are exhorted to be â€Å"complimentary,†Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"kind,† and â€Å"good† (for example, Schillinger, 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on The Nice Trap or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Take the example of 500-employee Lindblad Expeditions. It emphasizes agreeableness in its hiring decisions. The VP of  HR commented, â€Å"You can teach people any technical skill,  but you can’t teach them how to be a kindhearted, generous-minded  person with an open spirit. So, while employers want agreeable employees, agreeable  employees are not better job performers, and they are  less successful in their careers. One might explain this apparent  contradiction by noting that employers value agreeable  employees for other reasons: They are more pleasant  to be around, and they may help others in ways that aren’t  reflected in their job performance. While the former point  seems fair enough—agreeable people are better liked—it’s  not clear that agreeable individuals actually help people  more.A review of the â€Å"organizational citizenship† literature  revealed a pretty weak correlation between an employee’s  agreeableness and how much he or she helped others. Moreover, a 2008 study of CEO and CEO candidates revealed  that this contradiction applies to organizational  leaders as well. Using ratings made of candidates from an  executive search firm, these researchers studied the personalities  and abilities of 316 CEO candidates for companies  involved in buyout and venture capital transactions. They found that what gets a CE O candidate hired is not  what makes him or her effective.Specifically, CEO candidates  who were rated high on â€Å"nice† traits such as respecting  others, developing others, and teamwork were more  likely to be hired. However, these same characteristics—especially  teamwork and respecting others for venture capital  CEOs—made the organizations that the CEOs led less  successful. Questions 1. Do you think there is a contradiction between what  employers want in employees (agreeable employees)  and what employees actually do best (disagreeable  employees)? Why or why not? 2. Often, the effects of personality depend on the situation.Can you think of some job situations in which  agreeableness is an important virtue? And in which it  is harmful? 3. In some research we’ve conducted, we’ve found that  the negative effects of agreeableness on earnings is  stronger for men than for women (that is, being  agreeable hurt men’s earnings more than women’s). Why do you think this might be the case?

the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Essay Example

the Universal Declaration of Human Rights Essay At three in the morning on December 7, 1948, after two months of over 80 meetings, the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was created. The final obstacle for the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was approval from the United Nation General assembly. In order for the document to be approved it required two-thirds of the vote. On December 10, 1948, the document was adopted. l The United Nation has not been successful at enforcing the Universal Declaration of Human Rights because the underlying values in the document are not actually universal. Different states have different values about human rights. Even though some states signed the document, they did only to appear humane to others and hidden Human right violations continue. In the aftermath of World War II, the United Nations created UDHR for the purpose of preventing the next generation from devastation of international conflict, such as World War II. The last good war was an unprecedented global devastation. The levels of severity of the crimes of Adolf Hitler and his military could not have been predicted by Europe. Before the outbreak of World War II in March 1938, Austria was annexed under Hitler, which led international crises of human rights abuse. 2 Patrakis 2 We will write a custom essay sample on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on the Universal Declaration of Human Rights specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer When Hitlers military invaded Poland on September 1, 1939, this invasion would ignite the largest crimes against humanity the global community ever experienced. Once Hitler invaded Poland, war was declared by France, Britain, Australia, and New Zealand on Germany. This began the outbreak of World War 11. 3 Throughout World War II, Hitler launched attacks on the following countries: Poland, Denmark, Norway, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, France, Yugoslavia, and Greece. The impact Hitler and his military had on the occupied countries and the global community was a horror that not been experienced until Hitler become Germanys chancellor. The lasting effect of World War II was the Holocaust where six million Jews were murdered by Nazi Germany. 5 The manner that was conducted to murder the Jews and other racial, ethic, and disabled populations would involve a variety of methods. 6 The gas chamber would involve weak inmates who were unable to work in the labor camps. 7 There were cases of gas vans and mass shootings. 8 Around 5,000 children of various ages were included in the mass murders. The methods used to murdered children were starvation and overdoses of medicines. 9 The victims of the Holocaust were from thousands of locations in Europe. Winston explains, Second World War is the greatest crime in recorded history, committed on human and geographical scale which far Patrakis 3 surpasses that of other acts of genocide. 10 During the Second World War, Human rights did not exist in terms of international laws. As a result of the mass murders of innocent women, children, and men this was an indication to the world leaders to process of drafting the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was the idea of universalism of rights which would be applied to different types of people. McGuinness explain, social and cultural contexts against pragmatic and realist ccount of resolving armed conflicts. 11 The drafting of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights was a difficult process. 12 The process of the declaration would begin once the United Nations was established in 1945. 13 Shortly after, there was tremendous pressure to pass an international bill of rights placed on the Charter of the United Nations. In 1946, the United Nation created the Commission on Human Rights. 14 The Commission was responsible for the draft of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The draft committee includes the following: public fgures Dr. Charles Malik of Lebanon, Alexandre Bogomolov of USSR, Dr. Peng-chun Chang of China, Ren? © Cassin of France Eleanor Roosevelt of United States, Charles Dukes of United Kingdom, William Hodgson of Australia Hernan Santa Cruz of Chile, and John P. Humphrey of Canada. 15 Patrakis 4 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights was shaped by seven different stages. In January and February of 1947, the first stage began with the First Session of the committee meeting. As the delegates discussed the content for the internal bill of rights draft, there was an issue about trusting a committee or the secretary with the drafting of the Declaration. The decision was for the Commission Human rights Chairman, Vice-chairman, Rapporteur and the Secretariat to develop the international bill of human rights draft. The second was the First Session of the Drafting Committee. This involved the process of drafting the document. 16 The third stage was Second Session of the full Commission. In December 1947, the Second Session took place. During this session, the different types of organization attend this include seventeen different groups for example American Federation of Labor, International Federation of Christian Trade Union, and Inter-parliamentary Union to name a few. These organization opinions were not viewed as important and were sent to the Commission by the Secretariat in forms of pr? ©cis. 17 The Second Session of the Drafting Committee started in May 1948. This was about discussing an agreement due to the delegates who were holding out on the adoption of declaration and the agreement of the inter bill of rights. The Third Session of the Commission discussion was intense due to the Commission wanting to shorten the burdensome of the draft. The sixth and seventh stages were about The Third Committee of the General Assembly and the Plenary Session of the 1948 Assembly. During the Plenary Session, there debate about Third General Assembly that had led to the approval of the Declaration. 18 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights symbolizes an agreement on different types of human rights for the first time between different nations. However, this declaration is not a legally Patraksi 5 binding treaty. 9 Floor explains, Authority for the United Nations efforts to implement human rights standards is found either in the text of the Charter or in subsequent internal agreement. 20 The issues of human right abuses such as discrimination, torture, child rights and treaties such as Social and Culture Rights are The member states are for the community in the issues allocated with Charter. For example, Article One expresses that the United Nations purpose is to protect human rights. 22 The countries voted for the document but have not been successful in applying those rights to their countries. Flood states, Even if some government do not accept human rights as good in themselves, most government want to be seen as civilized and humane by their peers and by the publics of countries whose cooperation is important to them. 23 In some cases countries will not defend the reasons for abusing citizens and instead will hide the violations. Floods explain, governments are willing to ignore the global community and violate the international human rights laws at the cost of an external relationship. Another effect of not applying to the UDHR Floor explains, political psychological, sometimes it directly affects material interest 24 Contemporary states must understand the consequences when determining internal policies; The United Nations human rights system now constitutes an external factor that any government must take into account in determining policies that affect practical observance of human rights25. Patrakis 6 The Universal Declaration Human Rights document is not actually u niversal. Roberts and Kingsbury explain, It remains the case, that, despite the existence of many purportedly definitive agreements on the subject, different societies have very different conceptions of the content and important of human rights. Due to the diverse concepts about human rights, there are different practices for these nations, and the changes will not occur quickly26. The most influential and powerful countries in Europe have demonstrated violations of the Universal Declaration Human Rights, despite having voted at General Assembly in 1948. 7 These countries include: the United Kingdom, France, and Turkey. The violations these countries have in common are torture and other ill-treatment. The torture and ill-treatment that has occurred in these counties involve law enforcement. In the United Kingdom, there were cases of ill-treatment against detainees in that intelligence officers were allegedly involved. For example, there was involvement of torture and other ill- treatment in the first case of unnamed individual. There have been other allegations of the United Kingdom participation in human rights violations towards detainees individuals detained. 8 Amnesty International a watch dog group, states that in France, The Criminal Code continued to lack a definition of torture in line with the UN Convention against Torture. There was a lack of prompt, independent, impartial and effective investigations into allegations of ill-treatment by law enforcement officials. 29 For example, Lamba Soukouna alleged ill-treatment by police officers. In his statement, he explained, They hit me on the forehead with the butt of a flash-ball gun and started kicking me. I tried to tell them Take it easy. Im sick, Im sick. What have I done to deserve this? They didnt listen and Patrakis 7 kept going. 30 Soukouna said he was on his way home when the police in riot gear charging at a group of people. Soukouna entered his home and police ran inside and grabbed him from behind and pushed him against the wall and beat him severely31. In Turkey, torture and other ill-treatment cases have occurred in police transfer and prison continued. For example, Amnesty International states, two boys held at subject them to abuse including sexual abuse. 32 Under the Universal Declaration Human Rights United Kingdom, France, and Turkey have violated Article five under the document. The Article five states, No one shall be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment33. Article five demonstrates how these countries are not following the UDHR. This results in poor treatment and abuse. These examples show that countries are failing to follow UDHR due to this document not being a legally treaty. Therefore, countries are selecting seriate articles to follow under the Universal Declaration Human Rights. Another case of human rights violation in the United Kingdom involv es a legal and policy development that goes against the Declaration. The Justice and Security Bill were published by the United Kingdom government. The Bill expensed closed material procedures to civil cases,34 which the government claimed that such measures were necessary for purposes connected with protecting members of the public from a risk of terrorism. 35 The government would be allowed to use secret Patrakis 8 evidence presented to the court behind closed doors. This would exclude the plaintiff, lawyer and the public. 36 The Bill is allowing sensitive information to be disclosed to and this contains information pertaining to alleged human rights violations, which would assist individuals in a case against a third party. 7 There are concerns that the Bill challenged ethics of equality and open Justice. Amnesty International states, the effort made for victims of human rights violations setback due to secure disclosure of material related to those violations before the courts. 38 The government perceptive of the Bill claim was Judges would have more hearings of national security cases. 39 The Justice and Security Bill viol ates Article ten of the Universal Declaration Human Rights. Everyone is entitled in full equality to a fair and public hearing by an independent and impartial tribunal, in the determination of his ights and obligations and of any criminal charge against him. 40 The Justice and Security Bill can affect the outcome of a fair trial. The Bill will allow secret evidence in court only to certain individuals as a result plaintiff and his or her laws are excluded for the evidence which could result in an unfair trial. For example, evidence could be manipulated from being withheld or allowed which could cause the plaintiff being deprived from a fair trial. Under the Universal Declaration Human Rights Article seven states, All are equal before the law and are entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. All are entitled to equal protection against any discrimination in violation of this Declaration and against any incitement to such discrimination. 41 However, in France there have been numerous counts of discrimination such as Patrakis 9 disability 56 percent,42 religion or beliefs 55 percent,43 and sexual orientation 61 percent. 44 For example, there have been cases of Muslim women and girls discriminated against. For Muslim women they are denied of a Job and for young girls, they are prevented from attending classes because of headscarf. Marco Perolini expressed, Wearing religious and cultural symbols and dress is part of the right of reedom of expression. It is part of the right to freedom of religion or belief and eighteen Everyone has the right to freedom of thought, conscience and religion; this right includes freedom to change his religion or belief, and freedom, either alone or in community with others and in public or private, to manifest his religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship and observance. 46 The evidence Perolini reveals that France government is not supporting or applying Article eighteen. The reason political parties and public officials are not opposing the ban on headscarf or reventing additionally discrimination Muslim communities are up against is there need pursuit for votes for the population. This reveals how little power the Universal Declaration Human Rig hts have in the aspects in government. When political parties or government officials are running for re-election or preparing to run they are willing to stop at nothing to gains support or votes. As a consequences legation will not be enforced unless it is poplar issue. Patrakis 10 The Universal Declaration Human Rights states, in Article four No one shall be held in slavery or servitude; slavery and the slave trade shall be prohibited in all their orms. 47 Unfortunately, in Turkey, Article four has been broken due to modern day slavery where women, children and men are entrapped in some form of slavery. In some cases people are kidnapped and forced into the sex industries. The most common form of slavery is women. According to Sharma and Atria, Trafficking in women for the purpose of sexual exploitation is a multibillion dollar shadow market. The value of the global trade in women as commodities for sex industries is estimated to be between seven and twelve billion dollar annually. 48 The amounts of money these smugglers can reactive demonstrate the reason for eighty percent of omen and girls being victims of sex slavery and thirty-nine point seven percent from Turkey. 49 The preferred location for trafficking women is Turkey based on geographic location bordering and bridging. 0 Due to the high percent of women and children are trafficked and the easy access and McGarre explain, Turkey is developing protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking. Turkey has endorsed the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime. In eighty-one cities in Turkey are accordance in accepted the international definition. However, and McGarre state, operationalization of human traffickin g as a rime is not quite as straight forward as in other type of crimes because of the small number of cases of human trafficking in most cities. In fifty-eight cities, there were no cases and in twenty-three cities there were one or more cases on human Patrakis 11 tracking during that year. 51 Even though, the Turkey government is anti-traffcking and is trying to improvements in its efforts to convict and smugglers there is still gaps in their system. Human rights violation still continues throughout the international communities even though, the Universal Declaration Human Rights has been adopted. The reason this document was created was to prevent the next generation from devastation of international conflict. The document has no legally binding effect because it is not a legal treaty. Therefore, the document can only be that had voted for the Universal Declaration Human Rights have violated those rights. The United Kingdom, Turkey and France have demonstrated different types of violations against the document. As a result of these countries not supporting certain articles in the document, this demonstrates that the United Nations has not been successful at enforcing UDHR. Bibliography Trafficking: a Historical Cohort Study. BMC Psychiatry 13, no. 1 (September 2013): 1-11 . Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed October21 , 2013). Amnesty International. In Amnesty International Report 2013. London: Amnesty International Ltd Peter Benenson House, 2013. Amnesty International. Left in the Dark The Use of Secret Evidence in the United Kingdom. London: Amnesty International, 2012. Bukey, Evan B. Hitlers Hometown under Nazi Rule: Linz, Austria, 1938-45. Central European History (Brill Academic Publishers) 16, no. 2 Oune 1983): 171 . Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed October 21, 2013). DarraJ, Susan M. In The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Overcoming Hurdles. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 2010. European Commission, Discrimination in the EU 2012, by TNS OPINION SOCIAL, ZA5613. arussels, Belgium, 2012. Flood, Patrick J. In The Effectiveness of UN Human Rights Institutions. Westport: Praeger, 1998. Gudmundur Alfredsson, AsbJrn Eide, Nasire RizaJ,Naim Osman, and Martti Koskenniemi. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: A Common Standard of Achievement. Hague: Martinus NiJhoff, 1999. Haywood, John. In Concise Atlas of World History: World War II in Europe 1939-1942. Abingdon: Andromeda,1997. Immell, Myra. World War II: In Why Britain Had to Fight. San Diego: Green haven press, 2001. ?–nder and Edmund F. McGarrellE. F, Association between migrant prostitution, trafficking in women and serious crime in Turkey, International Journal of Security and Terrorism, , accessed October 23,2013. Marco Perolini, Muslims discriminated against for demonstrating their faith, Amnesty International. April 23, 2012, accessed October 10, 2013, http:// www. amnesty. org/en/news/muslims-discriminated-against-demonstrating-their- faith-2012-04-23 Mcguinness, Margaret E. Peace v. Justice: The Universal Declaration of Human Rights nd the Modern Origins of the Debate. Diplomatic History 35, no. 5 (November 2011): 749-768. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed October 21, 2013). Patrakis 13 Morsink, Johannes. In The Universal Declaration of Human Rights: Origins, Drafting, Salman, Salman M. , and Siobh? ¤n Lankford. The human right to water legal and policy dimensions. Distract Colombia: World Bank, 2004. Sharma, ManoJ, and Ashutosh Atri . Essentials of International Health. Sudbury: Bartlett Publishers,2010. Soukouna, LambaFrance. Interview. Police ill-treatment in France: Lamba Soukouna. Amnesty International, Europe, September 12, 2009. Sreenivasan, Jyotsna. In Poverty and the Government in America: a Historical Encyclopedia. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO, 2009. Toktas, Sule, and Hande Selimoglu. Smuggling and Trafficking in Turkey: An Analysis of Ell-Turkey Cooperation in Combating Transnational Organized Crime. Journal Of Balkan Near Eastern Studies 14, no. 1 (March 2012): 135-150. Academic Search Premier, EBSCOhost (accessed October21 , 2013). United Nations. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 60th Anniversary Special Edition, 1948-2008. New York: united Nations, 2008. Winstone, Martin. In The Holocaust Sites of Europe an Historical Guide. London: Taurus, 2010.

The contributions to science by Charles Darwin Essays

The contributions to science by Charles Darwin Essays The contributions to science by Charles Darwin Essay The contributions to science by Charles Darwin Essay 214087 Title: The part to science by a scientist of your pick. 3000 words How does this part map to the scientific discipline course of study? How does the work of the scientist demonstrate the scientific method, or is it a antagonistic illustration? How can the work being discussed be used to turn to citizenship issues in schools? This paper discusses the part to science made by the English scientist Charles Darwin, ( 1809-1882 ) , writer ofThe Origin of Species( 1859 ) , the conceiver of the Theory of Natural Selection or Evolution. It examines the mode in which the work of Darwin could be related into the bing scientific discipline course of study, sing his work as an example of the scientific method. It besides sets out to associate the scientific finds and rules involved to other facets of the school course of study, particularly in the country of citizenship. The combative nature of Darwin’s discovery’ in his ain clip illustrates the fact that there is a common involvement in the subject: we are, in a sense, stakeholders in scientific facts and methods, since they help to find the form of our day-to-day lives. As the House of Lords points out, .this is non confined to scientists ; it extends to those who make policy, whether public or commercial, on the footing of scientific chances and ad vice. Policy-makers will happen it difficult to win public support .on any issue with a scientific discipline constituent, unless the populace s attitudes and values are recognised, respected and weighed in the balance along with the scientific and other factors.’ ( House of Lords, 2000, para 2.66 ) . Despite its age, Darwin’s theory continues to be debated, and can inform us about the importance of experimental accomplishments and scientific unity. It besides provides case in points for the manner scientific discipline and society interact, which may be utile in our society. As the Royal Society observes, It is therefore non swear in scientific disciplineper Sewhich is of concern but the velocity of scientific and technological development, the utilizations to which scientific discipline is put, and the ability of regulative and institutional constructions to maintain gait with this change.’ ( Royal Society, 2004, p.13 ) . Darwin’s work brought him ill f ame, but besides contention and personal sulfuric acid. ( See illustrations ) . This is where the nexus between scientific discipline and citizenship can be made. How does this part map to the scientific discipline course of study? As a 2002 Report by House of Lords acknowledges, The foundations of an involvement in scientific discipline are laid at primary school, between the ages of 5 and 11.’ ( House of Lords, parity. 6.3 ) The rule benefit which could be obtained through the work of Darwin is a general handiness, which would itself enable scholars to prosecute with the course of study. As Meadows points out, Much of knowledge and larning depends on placing the relevant cognition that the scholar already has in bing memory so that this cognition can be used as a starting point for larning what is new. Having no get downing point†¦will shackle acquisition and reasoning†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ ( Meadows, 2006: p.112 ) . A assortment of governments and analysts have noted there that are go oning conceptual jobs in the manner scholars, and the wider community engage with scientific discipline. These are attributable to a assortment of factors. Qualitative ( i.e. phenomenological ) research commissioned jointl y by the DTI and the Wellcome Trust revealed public support for the thought that Science makes our lives change excessively fast.’ ( Wellcome Trust, 2000, p.23 ) Beyond this seemingly simple image there lay a more complex image, with differentiated degrees of apprehension and involvement claimed for different countries of scientific discipline. Environmental concerns, wellness issues and median finds held the greatest involvement for 82-91 per cent of respondents, whilst new engineering was considered more interesting by 74 per cent. Merely 48 per cent of those questioned claimed that energy issues were the most important for them. ( Wellcome Trust 2000: p.21 ) The same research besides discovered that it was possible to categorize respondents into different groups, determined by their involvement in scientific discipline, and the grade of trust they felt in scientific discipline and scientists. Correspondingly, topics characterised themselves as confident believers’ a t the terminal of the continuum most engaged with scientific discipline, to supporters’ half manner along the graduated table, right down to those who stated that scientific discipline was not for them’ . ( Wellcome 2000: pp.5-7 ) Correspondingly, there are several overlapping benefits which could be obtained through an expanded usage of Darwin’s work. First, an enhanced apprehension of scientific method, secondly, an improved consciousness of the operation of natural Torahs, and thirdly, the agencies by which research consequences are validated, interpreted and shared. The benefits of this could get down to be felt even at the Primary stage, as Peacock et.al. argue, Primary scientific discipline is possibly best regarded†¦as an rational, practical, originative and societal enterprise which seeks to assist kids to better understand and do sense of the universe in which they live†¦ ( and ) †¦should affect kids in thought and working in peculiar ways in the chase of dependable knowledge.’ ( Peacock et al. , 2007: p.1 ) . It is in this manner that a strict reading of the general rules established by Darwin might be really good, in turn overing and disputing pre-conceived thoughts abou t individuality and value, such as those frequently attributed to the alleged hidden curriculum.’ As Bishop and Simpson point out, The force per unit areas of the concealed course of study are besides present with respect to construction. The kids themselves can be really forceful in structuring scientific discipline activities with preconceived societal frameworks.’ ( Bishop and Simpson, 1995: p.7 ) . In thematic footings, Darwin’s work is exhaustively supportive of theKnowledge, Skills and Understandingcomponent of the scientific discipline course of study, i.e., Ideas and grounds in Science, Investigative Skills,and subordinate subjects such as planning and showing grounds. By the clip pupils reach Key Stage 3, these accomplishments are being further developed under the headers ofPractical and Enquiry Skills, Critical Understanding of Evidence,andCommunication.In practical footings, rules developed from Darwin’s theory could be incorporated into the scientific discipline course of study every bit early as unit 1A,Ourselves,and so continued on through cardinal Stage 2 inLife Processes and Living Things.Within the latter, it would be of import to concentrate on sub-unit 4,Variation and Classification,and 5,Populating Thingss in Their Environment, observing how living beings vary and alteration harmonizing to their context. This subject could be carried on development ally in the context of Key Stage Three, which incorporates two extremely relevant faculties,Organisms, Behaviour and Health,andThe Environment, Earth and Universe.Traveling off from the formal course of study, Darwin’s theory could assist by developing the foundations of causal logical thinking and besides job resolution, lending to a general betterment in scientific discipline criterions overall, across all units of survey. How does the work of the scientist demonstrate the scientific method, or is it a antagonistic illustration? From an educational and scientific position, Darwin’s work is interesting because it is based extensively on observation and tax write-off, instead than extended or quotable physical experimentation. Because of the tremendous timescales involved in the evolutionary procedures which preoccupied Darwin, it is in consequence, impossible to turn out, in absolute footings, whether the theory is right or non. The theory still has its disparagers, and direct oppositions, who object to it on ideological or theological evidences. Despite this nevertheless, it has become a by and large accepted scientific rule. Darwin’s work is hence, in one sense, the purest look of the scientific method, particularly since it was formulated in a vacuity of worthwhile ancestors, and an ambiance of considerable ideological resistance. The lone possible manner in which his work might be deemed a counter example’ is the mode in which it ran straight contrary to much mainstream scientific tho ught amongst his coevalss. However, it decidedly was a find madebecause of– instead thanin malice of– scientific method. Basically, what Darwin did was to suggest an reading of events, extrapolated from a huge sum of biological and geological grounds: he so formulated a specific reading of causality which, in his analysis, had merely one possible scientific result. It is this sort of experimental theoretical account, based on causality, which can tap into the learner’s innate cognitive ability, even from the youngest age. As Meadows observes of children’s interpretive perceptual experience, †¦By the beginning of school old ages, it follows basic causal rules, for illustration that causes precede effects instead than following effects, that they covary with their effects – the consequence on a regular basis and predictably appears after the cause and does non look without it, and the cause and consequence are close, or at least linked, in clip and space.’ . ( Meadows, 2006: p.109 ) How can the work being discussed be used to turn to citizenship issues in schools? As Rose and Rose indicate, it has ever been possible to take the position that, scientific discipline appears to progress in a more or less ordered mode, irrespective of the predominating societal environment in which it is performed.’ ( Rose and Rose, 1970, p.241 ) The power of Darwin’s work lays in its ability to bridge the spread between scientific discipline and the community, and it is here that his relevancy to issues of citizenship may be found. Darwin’s part to science every bit mirrored to a great extent by the manner his work reinforced other countries of academic, philosophical and societal survey: all of this makes it straight relevant to citizenship issues. As Wallace points out, A reading of theOrigin†¦do it hard to asseverate that Darwin’s head was devoid’ of economic and doctrine. A more sustainable decision is that it was permeated by rules of political economic system and doctrine in the signifier of a linguistic communicati on which did non distinguish between the political and the biological.’ ( Wallace 1995: p.11 ) In other words, Darwin’s work was implicitly bound up with the values of his host society: it is this which makes it an ideal nexus between scientific discipline and citizenship. The lone contrast is that we move from a Victorian context, to a present twenty-four hours one. This, it may be argued, has possible benefits for scientific discipline, instruction, and society likewise. As the Royal Society concluded with respect to the current scientific discipline course of study, many pupils lacked enthusiasm for . the topic, and felt frustrated by a content-heavy course of study which gave them small room to research controversial and ethical issues that might involvement them.’ ( Royal Society, 2004, p.21 ) Darwin’s work, it may be argued, is absolutely adapted to ease the latter: it is non distant, or obscure, and on certain degrees it is extremely accessible. The links between scientific discipline and citizenship manifest themselves in assorted ways. First, there is the whole issue of public apprehension of, and trust in scientific discipline. As Meadows points out, †¦understanding cause builds up into what has been called a naive physics’ , a coherent set of impressions about how objects behave ; if this gives rise to the formation and testing of hypotheses by observation and experiment, it becomes the footing for a natural philosophy which is scientific instead than naive.’ ( Meadows, 2006: p.109 ) . Darwin’s work Teachs us that it is non merely the observation of a phenomena, but the cultural capacity to absorb its significance, which is of import. Scientific affairs are non the distinct concern of the scientific community itself, but spill over into the political domain and finally concern us all. This is particularly true when ethical issues become involved, as they progressively tend to make in the biologi cal and life-sciences, impacting everything from the air we breathe, the nutrient we eat, the wellness intervention we can anticipate, and even the grade of control we might hold in finding the wellness, gender, and character of our kids. The of import point here is that attitudes vary, from a profound misgiving, to an about myopic religion in scientific discipline. As the House of Lords observed, neither place is wholly valid, a state of affairs it attributes sqaurely to schools. In common idiom, scientific is about synonymous with certain . This perceptual experience, which is likely picked up at school, is virtually true of much old and well-established scientific cognition. In many of the countries of current concern, from clime alteration to malignant neoplastic disease, it is nevertheless really broad of the mark.’ ( House of Lords, 2000, parity. 4.1 ) It is non the fallibility of scientific discipline which is utile from a citizenship point of position, but instead the necessity of keeping an unfastened head and capacity for nonsubjective argument. It is besides of import to retrieve that we all portion a corporate duty for the manner that society is conducted, and the mode in which scientific matter are run on our behalf. Again, this is non a distant or academic argument, and at its most intense, can show the relevancy of scientific method in our mundane lives. As the Royal Society points out, modern-day crises such as that created by BSE illustrates this. BSE highlighted profound concerns about the scientific discipline advice procedure and the function of scientists and authorities functionaries, the effectivity policy devising and action within sections such as the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, the ability of Curates to both gage and communicate hazard efficaciously, and basically the relationship between scientific discipline and politics.’ ( Royal Society, 2004, p.17 ) If we take the Key Stage Three Citizenship course of study as an illustration, the continued relevancy of Darwin’s thoughts becomes evident. In the domain of political, legal and human rights, we must take history of the DFES counsel that every kid is A alone kid .every kid is a competent scholar from birth who can be resilient, capable, confident and self assured. ( DFES, 2007: p.5 ) . The kernel of Darwin’s idea is that all people are descended from the same ultimate beginning, and hence equality before the jurisprudence, and of political rights, is a requirement of an just society and civil civil order. This in bend leads into the rules of democracy and the thought everyone should hold a voice in finding the legislative behavior of authorities. The importance of keeping freedom of address and leting a diverseness of positions are besides indispensable to the rules of citizenship as enshrined in the course of study. It is of import to retrieve that, without these installations, Darwin’s scientific thoughts might neer hold received public attending. In Section 2,Key Processes,the KS3 Citizenship course of study requires that scholars †¦engage with and reflect on different thoughts, sentiments, beliefs and values when researching topical and controversial issues and problems.’ ( QCA 2007: p.30 ) . Darwin knew that printing his thoughts about development in Victorian society would pull ferocious resistance from many quarters, because of its disagreement with scriptural instructions about the Creation. This resistance was likely to be immoveable and immune to logic: As Hull points out, those †¦who rejected evolutionary theory chiefly for theological reasons†¦would non hold been able to accept it even if all the grounds had been overpoweringly in its favor – which it was not.’ ( Hull 1974: p.450 ) . Similarly, his right to debate his theories with opposition s and critics formed an of import portion of the manner in which he basically changed attitudes, manner beyond the strictly scientific sphere. As Darwin himself wrote of one of his counter-theorists, He will be dead against me, as you prophesied†¦but he is liberally civil to me personally. On his criterion of cogent evidence,naturalscientific discipline would neer come on, for without the devising of theories I am convinced there would be no observation.’ ( Hull 1974: p.229 ) . As can be seen from this, it should be possible, in a tolerant and progressive society, to show and discourse opposed positions in a sensible manner: the freedom to make this, and finding to protect such freedoms, are of import dogmas of modern-day citizenship. As the Key Stage Three citizenship course of study puts it, responsible citizens should be able to †¦communicate an statement, taking history of different point of views and pulling on what they have learnt through research, action and debate†¦justify their statement, giving grounds to seek to carry others to believe once more, alteration or support them.’ ( QCA 2007: p.30 ) . In modern-day UK society, responsible citizenship besides requires us to understand diverseness of civilizations and individualities, and that motion of people, either temporarily or for good, is an intrinsic characteristic of our society and economic system. This is to the full reflected in the citizenship course of study, which states that scholars should recognize †¦the hanging nature of UK society, including the diverseness of thoughts, beliefs, civilizations, individualities, traditions, positions and values that are shared.’ ( QCA 2007: p.33 ) Darwin’s theory of natural choice is supportive of such positions in a assortment of ways. By learning us that we all have common beginnings, his believing undermines any thoughts of intrinsic racial difference, or any barriers erected around such thoughts. Since we all developed from the same biological beginning, there can be no justification for valuing any single otherwise: in other words, constructs of biological d eterminism’ are invalidated. Furthermore, any effort to make so can, by Darwin’s instruction, at one time be revealed as arbitrary, subjective and unscientific. There are obvious cross-curricular links to be made here, both historically and in footings of modern-day societies, where such conditions still endure. Children are natural perceivers of the phenomenon around them, and Darwin’s thoughts are deeply supportive of this. Meadows points out that kids †¦appear to pull illations about the causes of events they see, to know apart between self-caused and other-caused motion, to categorise living things that are agents as different from inanimate objects.’ ( Meadows, 2006: p.109 ) . Bing citizens besides accrues us the duty to alter things for the better: correspondingly, although we have rights in society, we have a responsibility to guarantee that such rights are exercised responsibly, without encroaching on the rights of others. Darwin’s the ory besides taught us that we are, as societal histrions, wholly mutualist upon each other. Bibliography Amigon, D. , and Wallace, J. , ( 1995 ) ,Charles Darwin’s the Origin of Species: new Interdisciplinary essays.: Manchester University Press, Manchester. Anderson, R.D. , ( 1992 ) ,Universities and Elites in Britain since 1800,MacMillan, Basingstoke. Bishop, A. , and Simpson, R. , ( 1995 ) , Strategies for Structured Play in Science in the Nursery’ ,Primary Teaching Studies,Autumn, Vol.9, No.3, pp.5-8. Burgess, R.G. , ( 1989 ) ,The Ethical motives of Educational Research,Falmer Press, Lewes. The Children’s Plan: Building Brighter Futures, ( 2007 ) , Department for Children, Schools and Families. HMSO, London. DeFalco, J. , Trade-Offs, Risks and Regulations in Science and Technology: Deductions for STS Education.’ , in Kamur, D.D. , and Chubin, D.E. , ( explosive detection systems ) , ( 2000 ) ,Science, Technologyand Society: A Sourcebook on Research and Practice,Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. DFES, ( 2007 ) ,Practice Guidance for the Early Years Foundation Phase: Puting the Standards for Learning, Development and Care for Children from Birth to Five,HMSO, London. House of Lords,( 2000 )ScienceandTechnology, 3rdReport, downloaded from hypertext transfer protocol: //www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199900/ldselect/ldsctech/38/3801.htm Hull, D.L. , ( 1974 ) ,Darwin and his Critics,Harvard University Press, Mass. Kamur, D.D. , and Chubin, D.E. , ( explosive detection systems ) , ( 2000 ) ,Science, Technologyand Society: A Sourcebook on Research and Practice,Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. Lenton and McNeil, ( 1991 ) , Primary school instructors understanding of the biological constructs in the National Curriculum’ Primary Teaching Studies, Oct. , Vol.6, No.2, pp.196-203. Mackenzie, D. , and Wacjman, J. , ( explosive detection systems ) , ( 1994 ) ,The Social Shaping of Technology: How the Refrigerator got its Hum,Open University Press, Milton Keynes. Mauther, M. , Birch, M. , Jessop, J. , and Miller, T. , ( 2002 ) ,Ethical motives in Qualitative Research,London, Sage. Meadows, S. , ( 2006 ) ,The Child as Thinker: The Development and Acquisition of Cognition in Childhood,Routledge, London. Pursell, C. , ( 1994 ) ,White Heat,BBC Books, London. QCA, ( 2007 ) ,Citizenship: Program of Study for Key Stage 3 and Attainment Target,QCA. Rose, H. , and Rose, S. , ( 1970 ) ,Science and Society,Penguin, Harmandsworth. The Royal Society, ( 2004 )Excellence in Science: Science in Society,London. Rose, H. , and Rose, S. , ( 1970 ) ,Science and Society,Penguin, Harmandsworth. Scruton, R. , ( 1982 ) ,A Dictionary of Political Thought,MacMillan, London. Science and the Public: A Review of Science Communication and Public Attitudes to Science in Britain, A Joint Report by the Office of Science and Technology and the Wellcome Trust, ( 2000 ) , HMSO, London. Wakeford, T. , and Walters, M. , ( explosive detection systems ) ( 1995 )Science for the Earth: Can Science Make the World a Better Place?John Wiley and Sons, Chichester. Wallace, J. , ( 1995 ) Introduction: trouble and defamiliarisation-language and procedure in theBeginning of Species’, in Amigon, D. , and Wallace, J. , ( 1995 ) ,Charles Darwin’s the Origin of Species: new Interdisciplinary essays.: Manchester University Press, Manchester, pp.1-46. Winner, L. , Do Artefacts Have Politics’ , in Mackenzie, D. , and Wacjman, J. , ( explosive detection systems ) , ( 1994 ) ,The Social Shaping of Technology: How the Refrigerator got its Hum,Open University Press, Milton Keynes.

Activities in Los Angeles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Activities in Los Angeles - Essay Example In the end, the two theme parks offer enough activities for the whole family. Most people see shopping as the most exciting experience in Los Angeles, especially because of the large shopping malls with a variety of products. The Third Street Promenade is among the top shopping centers because of its eccentric shopping atmosphere. It offers vintage stores with unique cultural artifacts, shops with luxury goods, and outdoor dining options. There are several outdoor recreational activities in Los Angeles. L.A.’s 75 miles of coastline and desirable weather provide a perfect outdoor experience for people who enjoy the sun. Activities range from beach surfing in Venice, Malibu or San Pedro beach to outdoor barbeque parties. Several barbeque locations offer exquisite meals and meat delicacies. There are several other engaging activities in Los Angeles such as hiking, golfing, snowboarding, and skiing. The sights of Hollywood and big budget art museums are just a supplementary excitement to the theme parks, beaches, and social experience that Los Angeles